The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.